What are the disadvantages of making ethanol by hydration ethene?

Another major disadvantage of the hydration method is the ethene itself, which is sourced from crude oil. The hydration process requires high temperatures and pressures. These conditions are expensive to maintain. Crude oil is a non-renewable resource.

What happens when ethene hydrates?

In this reaction the ethene molecules we see that react with sulphuric acid generating an alcohol, that is ethanol. In a hydration reaction, the water molecule reacts with an alkene to generate an alcohol. Ethene molecules react with sulphuric acid generating an alcohol, that is ethanol.

Why is hydration of ethene non renewable?

Ethanol made in this way is a non-renewable fuel because the ethene it is made from comes from fossil fuels. These fossil fuels cannot be replaced and are a finite resource. > The water is heated to make steam.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydration of ethene?

Hydration of Ethene

Hydration of Ethene
Advantages Continuous so it keeps on being produced Phosphoric acid which is a catalyst 100% atom economy	Disadvantages Non renewable process High temperature and pressure wastes energy – expensive
Evaluation

Which temperature is the most suitable for fermentation?

The optimum temperature range for yeast fermentation is between 90˚F-95˚F (32˚C-35˚C). Every degree above this range depresses fermentation. While elevated temperature is problematic in all phases of ethanol production, it is specifically hazardous during the later stages of fermentation.

Does hydration follow Markovnikov’s rule?

In the mechanism for a 3º alcohol shown above, water is the nucleophile. When the green H is removed from the water molecule, the alcohol attached to the most substituted carbon. Hence, electrophilic hydration follows Markovnikov’s rule.

What are the disadvantages of fermentation?

Disadvantages of fermentation are that production can be slow, the product is impure and needs to have further treatment and the production carries a high cost and more energy. IMPORTANCE OF FERMENTATION Fermentation is important to cells that don’t have oxygen or cells that don’t use oxygen because: 1.

What are the disadvantages of ethene?

* Skin contact with liquid Ethylene can cause frostbite. * Exposure to Ethylene can cause headache, dizziness, fatigue, lightheadedness, confusion and unconsciousness. * Ethylene is a HIGHLY FLAMMABLE and REACTIVE chemical and a DANGEROUS FIRE and EXPLOSION HAZARD.

At what temperature does fermentation occur?

Does pH affect fermentation?

The fermentation process is affected by a number of factors, including pH, temperature, nutrient concentration, and availability. Among the microorganisms, yeast and mold are acid-tolerant and prefer lower pH conditions for their growth. This means that fermentation by yeast and mold will be faster at lower pH values.

Why do alkenes undergo hydration?

Hydration of Alkenes The net addition of water to alkenes is known as hydration. The result involves breaking the pi bond in the alkene and an OH bond in water and the formation of a C-H bond and a C-OH bond.