When is a VVI pacemaker used?

VVI/VVIR pacing is indicated for patients with chronic atrial arrhythmias that are not expected to return to sinus rhythm. While VVI/VVIR protects patients from lethal bradyarrhythmias, it does not maintain AV synchrony, which sometimes leads to “Pacemaker syndrome.”

Can you use cautery with pacemaker?

If electrocautery is to be used, pacemakers should be placed in a triggered or asynchronous mode; ICDs should have arrhythmia detection suspended before surgery. If defibrillation is to be used, the current flow between the paddles should be kept as far away from and perpendicular to the lead system as possible.

What does VVI mean pacemaker?

VVI(R) is ventricular demand pacing. The ventricle is paced, sensed, and the pulse generator inhibits pacing output in response to a sensed ventricular event. This mode of pacing prevents ventricular bradycardia and is primarily indicated in patients with atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular response.

Which pacemaker is best?

Medtronic offers many pacemaker options — please talk with your heart doctor to determine the best pacemaker option for your health situation.

• Micra AV and Micra VR. Micra™ is our smallest line of pacemakers — leaving no bump under the skin, no chest scar, and requiring no lead.
• Azure.
• Advisa MRI.
• Adapta.

How can you tell if someone is pacemaker dependent?

Some physicians consider the patient to be pacemaker-dependent if the ventricular rhythm is totally paced whenever seen in the pacemaker clinic or if the interrogation of the device shows that most of the time there is ventricular pacing according to the stored percentage of paced ventricular events.

What are the 2 types of pacemakers?

Types of Pacemakers

• Single-chamber pacemaker.
• Dual-chamber pacemaker.
• Biventricular pacemaker.

When do you use transvenous pacing?

Although temporary transvenous cardiac pacing is indicated primarily for the treatment of bradycardia and various types of heart block, intermittent overdrive pacing can also be used as an antitachycardic treatment for a variety of atrial and ventricular tachycardias, such as postoperative atrial flutter or monomorphic …

When to use Asynchronous Pacing in cardiac surgery?

Asynchronous pacing is rarely used but it can be useful when there is insufficient intrinsic cardiac activity but extensive disturbances (which would otherwise inhibit pacing). Then asynchronous pacing is suitable because it stimulates at a fixed rate and ignores the signals of the surrounding.

What happens when a pacemaker is triggered during exercise?

If the pacemaker is triggered in the ventricle, then the natural increase in atrial rate during exercise will result in a corresponding increase in the ventricular rate. However, this requires that the pacemaker has this pacing mode and that the atrial rhythm is sinus rhythm.

Which is more accurate sensing or unipolar pacing?

Sensing can also be bi- or unipolar. Generally, sensing is more accurate with bipolar pacing, due to the fact that both points of measurement are within the heart (i.e both electrodes are located at the lead tip). The base rate is the lowest heart rate allowed by the pacemaker; intrinsic cardiac activity below the base rate will trigger pacing.

What is the purpose of hysteresis in cardiac pacing?

The purpose of hysteresis is to minimize the need for pacing. Hysteresis implies that the pacemaker accepts that the heart rate drops to a certain rate below the base rate, but when that lower rate is reached, then the pacemaker paces at the base rate.